Initially, Ptolemy a scientist from Alexandria discovered the relation that exists between refraction angles, but his invention failed for a minimal range of angles. In the scope of this Alhazen invented the law of refraction and finally, it was named Snell by the Persian researcher Ibn Sahl. After this many inventors worked upon this law to know the exact principle of this law. Finally, with the enhancement of various electromagnetic and optical concepts, Snell’s law was brought into the modern … [Read more...]
Automatic Engine Locking System Through Alcohol Detection For Drunken Drivers
Driving under the influence of alcohol has affected and killed countless of people's lives. If you drink and drive, not only do you possibly put yourself at risk, but your passengers and pedestrians, and other people, who were on the roads. Just think about that. Every thirty minutes someone's life is cut short and families are devastated. So, here we implemented a prototype version Alcohol Detection system in order to control drunk and driving as much as we can. Please follow the link To Know … [Read more...]
Automatic Plant Irrigation System Circuit and Its Working
In present days, in the field of agriculture farmers are facing major problems in watering their crops. It’s because they don’t have proper idea about the availability of the power. Even if it is available, they need to pump water and wait until the field is properly watered, which compels them to stop doing other activities – which are also important for them, and thus they loss their precious time and efforts. But, there is a solution – an automatic plant irrigation system not only helps farmer … [Read more...]
What is Water Level Indicator : Circuit Diagram and Its Applications
The water level alarm circuit is a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of water in the overhead tank and also in the other containers. Nowadays, all the householders/owners are storing the water in overhead tanks by using the pumps. When the water is stored in the tank, no one can identify the level of water and also, no one can know when the water tank will fill. Hence there is an overflow of water in the tank, thus there is a wastage of energy and water. To resolve this type of … [Read more...]
Arduino Uno Board with Real-Time Application Projects
Arduino is a single-board microcontroller meant to make the application more accessible which are interactive objects and its surroundings. The hardware features with an open-source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. Current models consists a USB interface, 6 analog input pins and 14 digital I/O pins that allows the user to attach various extension boards. … [Read more...]
Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM)
The term SPWM stands for “Sinusoidal pulse width modulation” is a technique of pulse width modulation used in inverters. An inverter generates an output of AC voltage from an input of DC with the help of switching circuits to reproduce a sine wave by generating one or more square pulses of voltage per half cycle. If the size of the pulses is adjusted, the output is said to be pulse width modulated. With this modulation, some pulses are produced per half cycle. The pulses close to the ends of the … [Read more...]