In 1999, the ATMEL introduced ATtiny Microcontrollers. There are several 8-pin based ATtiny microcontrollers are available like ATtiny11, ATtiny12, ATtiny22, ATtiny26, ATtiny24, ATtiny44, ATtiny84, ATtiny25, ATtiny45, ATtiny202/204/402/804/404 & ATtiny85 microcontroller with microchip technology. These microcontrollers became popular as tiny AVR controllers. These are designed in small size with all the features of a microcontroller. They contain few Input-Output pins and limited program … [Read more...]
What is an Op Amp Integrator : Working & Its Applications
An operational amplifier is a voltage amplifier that has a differential input and a single-ended output. It is used with various external feedback components like capacitors and resistors. An operational amplifier is one such circuit that is capable of performing various calculus operations like integration and differentiation. It can be configured accordingly to perform such calculations. In the op amp integrator circuit, the output produced is nothing but the integration of the input voltage … [Read more...]
What is Damping Ratio : Formula & Its Significance
Damping of the oscillatory system is the effect of preventing or restraining or reducing its oscillations gradually with time. The damping ratio in physical systems is produced by the dissipation of stored energy in the oscillation. It is the restraining or decaying of vibratory motions like mechanical oscillations, noise, and alternating currents in electrical and electronic systems by dissipating energy. Examples of damping are; viscous drag in mechanical systems, resistance in electronic … [Read more...]
8051 Microcontroller Projects for Engineering Students
In 1981, Intel Company manufactured the first 8-bit 8051 based microcontroller and it was referred to as MCS-51 (Microcontroller System-51). The components such as ROM, RAM, timer, input/output ports, serial communication, and interrupt logic all are in-built in a controller so that the size of the overall system will be small. When we design a system with the help of a microcontroller, it will be not bulky. So, it can be used in different applications for a specific operation like electronic … [Read more...]
Solar Projects for Engineering Students
Solar projects require a power supply to operate so the power supply can be available from both renewable & nonrenewable sources. Renewable sources are air, water, and sun whereas nonrenewable sources are coal, oil, and fossil fuels. The main disadvantage of using fossil fuels is; they are very dangerous to human life while extracting, takes lots of time to produce, shortage, and have a high maintenance cost. To overcome this disadvantage, natural power resources like solar power systems … [Read more...]
VLSI Projects for Engineering Students
Very Large Scale Integration Technology (VLSI) is an IC technology, designed by integrating a large number of electronic components such as logic gates, transistors, FET’s, etc. This technology mainly focuses on three major design and physical constraints related to an electric circuit like power, area, and speed. Some of the important VLSI Projects are mentioned below. A few of the VLSI platforms that are currently upcoming are FPGA applications, SOCs, and ASIC designs. VLSI Projects for … [Read more...]
Arduino Projects for Engineering Students
An Arduino is a development board designed with a combination of both hardware and software with open source access. Arduino projects were firstly started at Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII). The board consists of a microcontroller with is pre-programmed and an integrated development environment (IDE). This IDE helps in writing the code and dumping it on the hardware board. These boards are employed in a various electronic appliance that communicates with other technologies such as IoT, … [Read more...]
IoT Projects for Engineering Students
IoT (Internet of Things) is current blooming technology, that comprises a communication network containing physical objects (things) connected using a software-based technology or a sensor-based technology over an internet connection. This technology can connect every object like cars, kitchen appliances, baby monitors using the internet via embedded devices and allow the communication process to occur. This article covers a list of IoT projects, using different technology platform applications … [Read more...]
What is a Differential Amplifier : Design & Its Applications
The differential amplifier is a basic operational amplifier that consists of three basic terminals. Among those, two are of input that is inverting and the non-inverting terminals. Hence, these amplifiers are the circuits that can perform various operations mainly it is the difference between the two applied input signals. The most important factor gain is applicable here for both the applied input signals. Hence this concept of application leads to the elimination of the noise quantity from … [Read more...]
What is Star Topology : Working, Uses & Its Drawbacks
There are many topologies available in networking like star topology, bus topology, tree topology, and others where each type of topology has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the domain of networking, topology refers to the layout of connected devices and network topology corresponds to the layout of various nodes, connecting lines, and nodes. There are mainly two approaches of specifying networks which are logical and physical topologies. Logical topology defines data transmission … [Read more...]