IR technology is used in a wide range of wireless applications which includes remote controls and sensing. The infrared part in the electromagnetic spectrum can be separated into three main regions: near IR, mid-IR & far IR. The wavelengths of these three regions vary based on the application. For the near IR region, the wavelength ranges from 700 nm- 1400 nm, the wavelength of the mid-IR region ranges from 1400 nm - 3000 nm & finally for the far IR region, the wavelength ranges from … [Read more...]
What is Network Interface : Types & Porting
The development of computer networking was in most prominence and the progression of networking started by Arpanet development in the late period of the 1970s. Before this, the usage was with computer vendor networks where those are designed mainly to connect the mainframe with terminals and entry stations. Whereas the thought behind networking is to establish communication between computer devices where both are considered as peers to accomplish resource sharing. Computer networks are … [Read more...]
What is Priority Encoder : Working & Its Applications
A combinational circuit like an encoder is used to perform the reverse process of the decoder. An encoder includes 2n inputs maximum and ‘n’ outputs. Therefore it encodes the data from 2n inputs into an n-bit code. It will generate a binary code that is equal to the input like active High. So, this circuit encodes 2n inputs through n-bits. Encoding is nothing but the process of changing the numbers or symbols to a coded format. A priority encoder includes a priority function that allows it to … [Read more...]
What is Backpropagation Neural Network & Its Working
The concept of the backpropagation neural network was introduced in the 1960s and later it was published by David Rumelhart, Ronald Williams, and Geoffrey Hinton in the famous 1986 paper. They explained various neural networks and concluded that network training is done through backpropagation. Backpropagation is widely used in neural network training and calculates the loss function with respect to the weights of the network. It functions with a multi-layer neural network and observes the … [Read more...]
What is a Temperature Sensor : Types & Its Applications
In our day-to-day life, we all utilize different types of sensors. From that, the temperature sensor is one kind of sensor that is used most frequently in different forms like microwaves, water heaters, refrigerators, thermometers, etc. Generally, these types of sensors are used in a wide range of applications to measure the amount of coolness or hotness of the device and change it into a readable unit. Do you know how the temperature of the buildings, dams, boreholes, soil are measured:? … [Read more...]
What is a Proximity Sensor : Types & Its Applications
Proximity sensor comprises all sensors that execute non-contact detection as compared to limit switches that notice objects through contacting physically them. These types of sensors change the data into an electrical signal on the movement or occurrence of a target. These sensors are used in mobile phones. Once the target is in a small range, then the lock screen of the mobile user interface will come into view which is called sleep mode. These sensors can be utilized to identify air gestures … [Read more...]
What is a Phototransistor : Working & Its Applications
After the development of the first point-contact transistor, the phototransistor was invented by one of the teams at Bell Labs. At that time, a large number of developments were being started. Even though the phototransistor history is not publicized like other early developments of semiconductors, but it was certainly a very significant development. The first invention of this transistor was announced on March 30th, 1950. This article discusses an overview of a phototransistor and its … [Read more...]
What is Admittance : Formula & Its Derivation
In the scope of electrical engineering, we are familiar with resistance in digital circuits. Along with this, impedance also shows the impact in AC circuits where consists of the consequences of both capacitance and inductance. The impedance generated by these consequences is combinedly stated as reactance and this creates the imaginary part of the complex impedance while resistance creates the real part. The reciprocal term of impedance is admittance. The inventor of the term admittance is … [Read more...]
What is Gunn Diode : Construction & Its Working
In GaAs semiconductor materials, the electrons are present in two states like high mass low velocity & low mass high velocity. By the demand of an adequate electric field, the electrons are forced to move from a low mass state to a high mass state. At this specific state, electrons can form a group & moves at a consistent rate that can cause to flow current in a series of pulses. So this is known as Gunn Effect which is used by Gunn diodes. These diodes are the best and most frequently … [Read more...]
What is Tunnel Diode : Working & Its Applications
A tunnel diode was discovered by Leo Esaki in the year 1958. He noticed that if a semiconductor diode is doped heavily through impurities, then it will generate negative resistance that means the flow of current across the diode will decreases once the voltage enhances. Leo Esaki got the Nobel Prize in the physics subject for inventing the effect of electron tunneling that is used in these types of diodes in the year 1973. These diodes are one of the most important solid-state electronic … [Read more...]