Initially, Ptolemy a scientist from Alexandria discovered the relation that exists between refraction angles, but his invention failed for a minimal range of angles. In the scope of this Alhazen invented the law of refraction and finally, it was named Snell by the Persian researcher Ibn Sahl. After this many inventors worked upon this law to know the exact principle of this law. Finally, with the enhancement of various electromagnetic and optical concepts, Snell’s law was brought into the modern … [Read more...]
What is Hartley Oscillator : Working and Its Applications
An electronic oscillator in which the oscillator frequency is determined through a tuned circuit consisting of inductors and capacitors is called the Harley oscillator. The invention of the Harley oscillator circuit was done in 1915 by Ralph Hartley, an American engineer. This oscillator is a type of harmonic oscillator. The Hartley Oscillator produces the waves of radio frequencies therefore it is also referred to as radiofrequency oscillators. The tank circuit of the oscillator having a … [Read more...]
What is Common Source Amplifier : Working & Its Applications
In electronic circuits, amplifiers are used to increase the strength or amplitude of the input signal without any phase change and frequency. Amplifier circuits are made up of either FET (Fied Effect Transistor) or normal bipolar junction transistor-based on their 3 terminals. The advantage of amplifier circuit using FET over BJTs is used as small-signal amplifiers because they produce high input impedance, high voltage gain, and low noise in the input signal. FET is a voltage-controlled device … [Read more...]
What is Color Sensor : Working & Its Applications
In electronics, sensors are the devices or modules or detectors or subsystems used to detect and respond to electrical and optical signals. Sensors can covert physical quantities like temperature, humidity, speed, etc into an electrical signal and send the information to the other electronic devices like the processor. Sensors are classified into various types to measure temperature, capacitance, heat, resistance, etc. They are a temperature sensor, proximity sensor, accelerometer, touch sensor, … [Read more...]
What is Memristor : Construction & Its Working
Resistors, Inductors, and Capacitors are considered as the basic components of electronic systems. Further, the research has been carried out by Leon Chua in the year 1971. He was a professor at UC Berkely. He was always enthusiastic about knowing why electronic devices or systems are restricted only to linear characteristics. He carried out researches and studied non-linear characteristics of these basic elements and added the fourth element known as a memristor. Because resistors define the … [Read more...]
What is Hall Effect : Working & Its Experiment
Hall Effect is a technique of the measurement of the voltage that is transverse. It was proposed by Edwin Hall in the year 1879. The purpose of this effect is to study the behavior of the current carried in the respective conductors present in the circuits. It is also used in various application sensors such as pressure sensors, current sensors, etc… For the measurement of the intensity of the magnetic field in the circuit, hall effect sensors are utilized. The measurement of this magnetic fi … [Read more...]
What is an RC Oscillator : Circuit & Its Working
An oscillator is used to produce periodic oscillating signals in an electronics circuit. The oscillations are mainly produced in the form of a square wave or sine wave. The oscillators can convert DC to AC and used in a number of electronic devices like clock generators, digital instruments like calculators. The oscillating signals are used in television transmitters, wall clocks, radios, and many more. A feedback oscillator is a type of oscillator in which the output signal is feedback into the … [Read more...]
What is Half Adder : Circuit Diagram & Its Applications
Half Adder is of the kind of basic digital circuit. Earlier there are various operations performed in Analog Circuits. After the discovery of digital electronics, similar operations are performed in it. The digital systems are considered to be effective and are reliable. Among the various operations, one of the most prominent operations is Arithmetic. It includes Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division. However, it is already known that it might be a computer, any electronic gadget … [Read more...]
What is a Feedback Amplifier : Working, Types & Its Characteristics
Feedback amplifier is the basic design of amplifiers. The connection of these amplifiers can be done in such a way that the output is fed back to the input. However, amplifiers are devices that increase the strength of the signal. The increase in the strength of the signal can also introduce the noise in the system. Usually, these are of various types and based on the requirement of the factors, these are designed. Whenever a circuit is designed during the operations performed, then it results … [Read more...]
What is an Instrumentation Amplifier : Circuit and Its Working
Instrumentation Amplifier is the basic amplifier and the designing of this can be done based on the requirement in different applications. For example, measurement of temperature or it might be humidity for the industrial applications. These measurements must be converted in terms of signals that are in electrical form. Finally, this signal must be provided as the input to this amplifier so that the amplification of the signals can be obtained. The main intention of this amplifier is to … [Read more...]