Over a century ago two men independently invented the Yagi-Uda antenna. Ever heard of it? Neither had we before we started looking at the history of the invention. Invented in 1926 by Shintaro Uda of Tohoku Imperial University and Hidetsugu Yagi, Kiyoshi Kawakami, and other colleagues at the same university, it was the first antenna designed to exploit the advantage of receiving signals from multiple directions to cancel out noise or jamming with high gain, high directionality, and uninterrupted … [Read more...]
What is CAN Protocol : Architecture, Working and Types
Formerly, automobile manufacturers used to connect various electronic devices in automobiles using a number of wires through point-to-point connections. This resulted in huge wire connections which were very expensive and bulky. Later, this complicated wiring system got replaced by dedicated wiring that enhanced communication speed between devices and provided high integrity, and was named as controller area network. The CAN was first developed by Bosch in the year 1985 for in-vehicle … [Read more...]
What is Serial Peripheral Interface : Working and Its Applications
As we know that communication between humans happens in multiple languages, in a similar way communication between electronic devices happens. But both the communication devices should speak the same language. The languages that the devices speak are termed communication protocols. There exist a few communication protocols such as UART communication, I2C protocol, and SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) protocols. Today, this article let us understand the SPI protocol definition, its block … [Read more...]
What is Time Division Multiplexing : Working & Its Applications
Multiplexing is a method used to merge & transmit multiple data streams over a particular medium. In telecommunications, the multiplexing technique are extensively used where numerous telephone calls are carried throughout a single wire. This concept originated in the early 1870s in telegraphy and then the telephone carrier multiplexing was developed in 1910 by George Owen Squier later followed by different types of multiplexing. Some of the types of multiplexing techniques available are … [Read more...]
What is I2C Protocol : Architecture, Timing Diagram & Its Applications
In the process of establishing a connection between multiple devices in a microcontroller, the data and address line of every single device would take up important pins in the microcontroller which leads to more traces on the PCB board. And also it requires more components which further results in cost enhancement of the system and they are even easily subjective to noise and intrusion. So, to stay back from this complication Philips introduced IC buses which were also called I2C in the year the … [Read more...]
What is Hamming Code : Parity Generation and Error Detection
Maintaining the authenticity of data is the most important criterion for any transmitting or receiving system. Hamming code plays a vital role in maintaining authenticity. Formulated as a set of error correction codes, the Hamming codes are used to detect the error while transmitting the data between the sending and receiving ends. . While transmitting the data often the errors are caused between sending and receiving end, which causes loss in data and transparency. There are many reasons for … [Read more...]
What is Star Topology : Working, Uses & Its Drawbacks
There are many topologies available in networking like star topology, bus topology, tree topology, and others where each type of topology has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the domain of networking, topology refers to the layout of connected devices and network topology corresponds to the layout of various nodes, connecting lines, and nodes. There are mainly two approaches of specifying networks which are logical and physical topologies. Logical topology defines data transmission … [Read more...]
What is Attenuation : Types & Its Significance
In networking cables, when the loss of signal strength occurs then it is known as attenuation. So, when a signal passes through a channel, then the signal intensity will be reduced with distance. In idealize materials; the signal amplitude can be reduced through the wave dispersion whereas, in natural materials, they generate an effect to weaken the signal. Further, this weakening signal will result in absorption & scattering. The conversion of signal energy from one form to another by … [Read more...]
What is Network Technology & Its Working
Network Technology uses data systems to handle as well as deliver digital resources through a computer network. To maintain a network in industries, they use computer system hardware and software, but specialists are required to handle them. A network is used to transfer the data in between networked infrastructures efficiently. To check whether a system is working correctly or not, network administrators are required to handle as well as troubleshoot the issues that occurred within the … [Read more...]
What is Packet Switching : Modes & Its Applications
In telecommunications and Computer Networks, the switching technique is used to collect all the switching elements (Data), rearrange, and control in such a way to establish the communication path between any two nodes. It controls or switches the data to transmit from source to destination by the nodes. It helps to decide the best route from multiple paths for data transmission in large networks. The work of the packet switching system is to receive the signal/data from the source and forward it … [Read more...]