The peripheral interface controller microcontroller is one of the mostly used microcontrollers and which was launched by microchip technologies. This microcontroller includes different types of higher memory modules, microprocessor units, I/O ports, communication ports, timers/counters, interfacing ports, etc. This microcontroller is programmed using flash memory technology and it allows the stored data to be erased electrically & reprogrammed. So that it is very convenient to use in … [Read more...]
MOSFET Circuits for Electronics & Electrical
MOSFET is the most frequently used 3-terminal device used to design integrated circuits so it brings a revolution in electronic circuits. MOSFETs are available in quite small and their manufacturing process is extremely simple. The analog and digital integrated circuits implementation is successfully done due to the MOSFET characteristics. So MOSFET circuits are analyzed in two ways like the small signal model & large signal model. The small signal model is derived depending on the parameter … [Read more...]
Allen Bradley PLC : Architecture, Working, Types & Its Applications
A Programmable Logic Controller or a PLC a computer-type device, mainly used for controlling different equipment in an industrial facility like conveyor systems, utility plants, chemical processing, food processing machinery, a batch control application, auto assembly lines, etc. In a PLC system, the wiring between different devices is replaced by PLC. There are various brands of PLCs like Mitsubishi, Allen Bradley, Siemens, Omron, etc. But Allen Bradley PLCs are one of the top manufacturers … [Read more...]
Pentium Processor : Architecture, Working, Vs Pentium Pro, & Its Applications
The Pentium processor was invented by the Intel Corporation in 1993 and it is a widely used in personal computer. This processor is also called Pentium 1, P5 otherwise Intel 80586, because it was the 5th generation of Intel microprocessors. The Pentium 1 is the first microprocessor in the Pentium series. The features of this Pentium1 processor mainly include; 32-bit processing, 16 KB - 32KB L1 cache, FSB (Fast serial bus) up to 66 MHz and base CLK speed ranges from 66HZ to 300MHZ. There are … [Read more...]
Preamplifier : Circuit, Working, Types, Differences & Its Applications
An amplifier is a device used to amplify the power of the output signal, although with some additional noise whereas a preamplifier is a device used to change a weak electrical signal into a noise-tolerant clear output signal. These two amplifiers utilize voltage to enhance the power of sound signals, and although they perform it in different ways & they have different functions. When preamplifiers are normally used to increase the microphone recordings level without increasing its noise … [Read more...]
Occupancy Sensor : Working, Circuit, Types & Its Applications
Generally, lighting systems operate with lighting control devices by switching on & off the lights. So there are thousands of lighting systems used in offices and commercial buildings but the operation cost of lighting systems is more so every year many organisations insure losses by paying to work on lighting systems even when there is no one in the office to work. To overcome this problem, the best solution is to adopt an automatic lighting control switch that controls the light by turning … [Read more...]
Graphics Processing Unit : Architecture, Working & Its Applications
The first graphics processing unit was developed in the year 1999 by NVidia known as the GeForce 256. So this type of GPU processor could process ten million polygons for each second & also had above 22 million transistors. This was a single-chip processor including integrated transform, BitBLT support, drawing, triangle setup, lighting effects, clipping & rendering engines. The Graphics processing unit plays a significant role in processing different redundant calculations from VR … [Read more...]
Fiber Optic Sensor : Working, Interface with Arduino, Types & Its Applications
Fiber optic sensor is a new branch in fiber optics in competition with the existing communication system. This is a very interesting and also well-known topic in the research field. Fiber optic sensors play a key role in developing the communication system to sense & measure the change within phase, data transmission rate, wavelength, intensity, noise, uneven environmental conditions, extreme heat, high vibration, etc. These sensors are available at less cost, in small size and their … [Read more...]
Biosensor : Woking, Design, Interface with Arduino, Types & Its Applications
At present, biosensor research & development is increasing due to its many benefits like these are low-cost, rapid, and highly responsive. For developing innovative biosensors, interdisciplinary efforts are required beyond conventional specialties. So, a wide range of methods is used for the development of biosensors. This sensor is an extremely valuable device used to measure a wide spectrum of analytes like gases, organic compounds, ions & bacteria. This article discusses an overview … [Read more...]
Optical Sensor : Circuit, Working, Interface with Arduino & Its Applications
A sensor is a device that responds to pressure, thermal energy, acoustic energy, electromagnetic energy, motion, or magnetism by generating an electrical signal. The semiconductor development from 1940 to the 1950s led to compact, less costly, and efficient light-sensing devices like optical sensors. These sensors are mainly developed to enhance the efficiency & reliability of control systems at less cost. Optical sensors are capable of detecting light at a specific electromagnetic spectra … [Read more...]
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