In the scope of digital logics, a counter is a tool that accumulates the information of how many times a specific process or event is occurring probably like a clock. The generally used type is a sequential digital logic circuit having an input line termed as a clock and has multiple output lines and the values those are on the output lines signify a number in the binary system. Every pulse that acts as input to the clock either increases or decreases the numbers count on the counter. With this … [Read more...]
What is Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer & Its Working
For better communication to take place between two ends, there should be a proper transmission of information from one end to another. There has been a tremendous evolution of the communication systems to make the communication process faster, reliable, and safer. It has evolved from analog to digital, wired to wireless. One of the modes of communication that are highly used nowadays is Fiber Optic Communication. In this mode, using infrared ray pulses information is transmitted from one place … [Read more...]
What is a Closed-Loop Control System & Its Working
A Control system is a method of connecting devices so that we can manage, direct and control the behavior of other devices using control loops. Apparently, it is a system that controls other systems. Control systems are classified as Linear control systems and Non- Linear control systems, Analog or continuous systems, Digital or Discrete systems, single input single output systems, Multiple inputs multiple-output systems, etc.. . The control system that follows the principle of homogeneity and … [Read more...]
What is an LDO Regulator : Working & Its Parameters
When integrating a voltage supply to any other equipment, we may encounter certain unwanted voltage variations. These variations at the voltage supply level can cause severe damage to the devices. So, there is a need to maintain a constant voltage at the supply level. This is where 'Voltage Regulator' comes into the picture. Voltage regulators are the devices that maintain a stable output voltage irrespective of the changes at the input voltage and load. Based on their design there are various … [Read more...]
What is Spectrum Analyzer : Types & Its Applications
The one device which is more prominent in this digital industry is Spectrum Analyzer. This device holds a nearly 50-year history which consists of surmounting multiple complications in introducing the product to the real-time market. The development of the device initially took place at Applied Research Laboratories of Columbia University. The first developed spectrum uses glass acoustic delay lines, and it delivers real-time processing in the range of 1 – 40 kHz. And the initial development … [Read more...]
What is Dual Trace Oscilloscope : Working & Its Uses
The discovery of cathode-ray tubes happened in the year 19th century. In that period, the main intention of CRTs was mainly to explain and investigate the theory of the electron and this concept was known as cathode rays. And in the year 1897, a scientist named Karl Ferdinand Braun discovered the CRT oscilloscope. Whereas the invention of the dual-trace oscilloscope took place in the year 1930 by the British organization A.C. Cossor. The current day oscilloscope is the outcome of a various … [Read more...]
What is a Sampling Oscilloscope : Working & Its Applications
In the year 1897, the discovery of the Braun tube took place and in 1899, Jonathan included it along with magnetic field and beam developing plates in order to sweep the trace. In the initial period of 1920, cathode ray tubes were used practically for laboratory calculations but experienced bad strength of the vacuum and cathode emitters. To eliminate this drawback, Zworykin in the year 1931 discovered an approach of sealing the cathode ray tube using a thermionic emitter. This approach … [Read more...]
Different Types Of Motion Sensors, Working And Application
Motion sensors are commonly used in security systems. They work based on a wide variety of principles and are used in a wide variety of applications. Typical usage could be in the exterior doorways or windows of a building for monitoring the area around the building. Upon detecting motion, they generate an electrical signal based on which some actions are taken. Some operate in much the same way as a military radar scanner, while others work based on vibration, infrared radiation and, even … [Read more...]
What is a Latch : Different Types and Their Applications
The digital circuits made of logic gates as the basic devices. This leads to the formation of combination circuits and sequential circuits. The circuit design must have a memory element present in it. This element stores the data required for processing the code and the stored information is needed for the program during computing. The memories are treated as the key components in digital electronics. These storage devices are termed as a latch. Individual logic gates don't have any capability … [Read more...]
What is Full Adder : Circuit using Basic Gates
Nowadays, digital electronic devices have a wide impact on our living. In our day to day activities, we use cell phones, PDA's, and many more. These comprise comparators, Dividers, Adders, etc. The functionality and performance of this mainly depend on how efficiently these basic circuits operate. Full adder is beneficial in terms of the addition of multiple bits. Each circuit has its advantages and limitations based on the power supply and the propagation delay. Full Adder is the basic … [Read more...]