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FT232RL USB to TTL Converter : PinOut, Specifications, Interfacing & Its Applications

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The FT232RL USB to TTL converter is a semiconductor module designed by a Scottish company like FTDI (Future Technology Devices International). This company designs & also supports various components which are helpful in converting the signal from TTL  to USB. The FTDI USB module is mainly used for converting STTL in a simple way by connecting TTL-based modules to USB. There are different kinds of USB to TTL converters available but FT232RL is one of the types of it. This article discusses an … [Read more...]

K-type Thermocouple : Working, Specifications, Interfacing & Its Applications

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A thermocouple is a thermoelectrical thermometer with two different electrical conductors which form an electrical junction. One electrical conductor is used wherever the temperature is to be measured & another one is set aside at a constant lower temperature. The main function of a thermocouple is to generate a temperature-dependent voltage due to the Seebeck effect. This effect can be occurred due to the temperature difference that is proportional to the variation between the two … [Read more...]

BAV99 Diode : Pin Configuration, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications

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At present in most developed electronic devices, there is a possibility of electro-static discharge at interfaces through metal contacts. For several industries, safety against these hazards is not noticed as a main concern; so, many designers may not spend time thinking about these devices, but they follow poor protection techniques of ESD. The BAV99 diodes were developed to be used within ESD areas in some creative ways. This diode is an ESD protection device so in many applications, this … [Read more...]

74LS08 AND Gate IC : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Equivalents

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In digital circuits, a logic gate is a fundamental building block used to perform logical functions. At present, most of the electronic devices we use like tablets, smartphones, or memory devices have some kind of logic gates. These logic gates are also available as an integrated circuit because the single logic gate circuit which is designed manually has a very large size, so logic circuit ICs are used to solve this issue. The logic gate ICs are very small & have a very faster speed which … [Read more...]

BC239 Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Applications

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Small signal transistors come in both PNP & NPN forms which are used for amplifying low-level signals and also they can be used as a switch. These transistors mainly depend on the contact between two different kinds of semiconductors to amplify or switch electronic signals & power. The typical hFE values for these transistors range from 10 to 500 with the highest IC ratings ranging from 80 to 600mA. The maximum operating frequencies of these transistors range from 1 to 300 MHz. These … [Read more...]

IR2110 MOSFET Driver : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Applications

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MOSFET driver is a voltage-controlled device used to change the logical signals of CMOS/TTL to a high voltage & high current by quickly & completely switching the MOSFET gate. MOSFET driver is arranged as a low-side and high-side switch. There are different kinds of MOSFET drivers in the market but in most applications, but mostly used high-low side MOSFET drivers are like IR2110 MOSFET driver IC. This article discusses an overview of the IR2110 MOSFET driver, its working, and its … [Read more...]

PIC16f676 Microcontroller : PinOut, Specifications, Architecture, Circuit, Working & Its Applications

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The PIC microcontroller (peripheral interface controller) was first launched in 1993 by Microchip Technologies. After that, Microchip technologies have developed many PIC series microcontrollers which are used for lighting applications to the advanced ones. This microcontroller is based on Harvard architecture. PIC microcontrollers allow simple programming as well as interfacing within the design of embedded systems. At present, most of the PIC microcontrollers used are 8-bit type but Microchip … [Read more...]

SS34 Schottky Diode : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications

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The name of Schottky diode has come from the name of its inventor namely; Dr. Schottky, These types of diodes are metal-semiconductor devices designed with costly metals like silver, aluminum, gold, and platinum. Similarly, the SS series Schottky diodes are surface mount devices with low power loss and high efficiency. These diodes are available with clip-bonded leg structure which helps in providing less electrical resistance & high thermal performance. These SMD diodes are normally used in … [Read more...]

KST42 Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Datasheet, Circuit, Working, & Its Applications

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The KST42 transistor was invented by an American semiconductor company namely “Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc., located in San Jose, California. This company manufactures different transistors and integrated circuits. So, the KST42 transistor is a high-voltage transistor and it is ideal for lighting, battery charger, and power supply applications. This article gives an overview of the KST42 transistor, pin configuration, specifications, and applications. What is KST42 T … [Read more...]

BC558 Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications

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The transistor like PNP operates almost similarly to NPN but the current directions & voltage polarities will be reversed. The flow of current in NPN is from the collector terminal to the emitter whereas in PNP, it is from the emitter terminal to the collector. So, a PNP transistor is generally a type of transistor where n-type material can be doped using two p-type materials. A PNP transistor is an electronic component that is controlled simply through the current supply. So the small … [Read more...]