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Precaution to be taken while connecting a Transistor to Microcontroller

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In the world of electronics, the integration of microcontrollers and transistors has revolutionized the way we control and manage electronic circuits. Transistors serve as essential switches or amplifiers, while microcontrollers provide the brains behind countless electronic applications. However, this harmonious relationship demands careful attention to detail and a clear understanding of potential risks. When connecting a transistor to a microcontroller, it is crucial to take various … [Read more...]

MMBT3904 Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Microcontroller, Working & Its Applications

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Transistors are semiconductor devices mainly used for switching or amplifying electrical signals & power. In modern electronics, these components are basic building blocks that include a minimum of three terminals for connecting in an electronic circuit. Transistors are generally classified into three types like BJTs, FETs & IGBTs. These transformers are also available in different types based on different functions like small switching, small-signal, power, phototransistor, UJT & … [Read more...]

2N5401 PNP Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit & Its Applications

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2n5401 PNP transistor is used in different general-purpose electronic applications. These transistors are very helpful wherever the load is connected with the transistor and consume low current, although it works on high voltage. This PNP transistor can also be used frequently in telephone circuits, or any electronic circuits wherever you desire to build a simple switching application (or) amplification with high voltage. This transistor is also used as a general-purpose transistor to control … [Read more...]

TIP120 NPN Darlington Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit & Its Applications

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A semiconductor device like a transistor is one of the basic building blocks within modern electronics mainly used for switching or amplifying electrical signals & power whereas the Darlington transistor has a multi-transistor configuration that performs like a single transistor that includes one base, emitter & collector. This Darlington configuration has a higher current gain as compared to every transistor taken independently. So it works & frequently packaged as a single … [Read more...]

TIP32C PNP Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit & Its Applications

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A type of transistor that is designed by sandwiching an N-type semiconductor between the two P-type semiconductors is known as a PNP transistor. This transistor includes three terminals like collector, emitter & base. This transistor performs as two PN junction diodes connected end-to-end. These end-to-end PN junction diodes are called the collector-base (CB) junction & base-emitter (BE) junction. There are different PNP transistors which are manufactured by different manufacturers like … [Read more...]

MPF102 JFET : Pin Configuration, Circuit, Working & Its Applications

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In many electronic circuits like small signal amplifier circuits, switching circuits, transfer circuits, etc. Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFETs) are commonly used electronic components due to their high input impedance and low power consumption. It is a voltage-controlled resistor and it is very easy to operate in low amplifier circuits in TV or radio receivers, modulation circuits like FM, AM, SW (Short Wave), etc. Among many, let's discuss MPF102 N-channel JFET is affordable and rarely … [Read more...]

What is Transistor-Transistor Logic : Working & Its Applications

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In 1963, Sylvania as Sylvania Universal High-Level Logic (SUHL) introduced the first Transistor-Transistor Logic circuits. The concept of TTL was developed to achieve high speed, low power dissipation that allows optimization of the design. It belongs to the digital logic family and is designed with bipolar transistors, resistors, and diodes. It is widely used in various applications such as electronic devices, computer control systems, industrial controlling systems, the design and fabrication … [Read more...]

What is an Open Collector : Configuration, Working & Advantages

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In the digital chip design, microcontroller applications and operational amplifiers, the open collector outputs are commonly used either for driving high loads such as relays or for interfacing with other circuits. As we know that BJT is a transistor and it has three terminals (Emitter, Base and Collector) where these terminals can be configured mainly in three switching modes. Those are Common Base, Common Collector and Common Emitter modes. Today, we are going to discuss about open collector … [Read more...]

What is Open Drain : Configuration & Its Applications

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In order to have interference with the outside world using microcontrollers, it can be done through pins. These pins act as physical points for an integrated circuit where a PCB connection can be established. Each pin has its own circuitry, and it is configured to pins to allow interference with various kinds of circuits. And the most important point is to select the appropriate pin configuration in the design of an embedded system. Today, this article explains open-drain output configuration, … [Read more...]

What is a Phototransistor : Working & Its Applications

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After the development of the first point-contact transistor, the phototransistor was invented by one of the teams at Bell Labs. At that time, a large number of developments were being started. Even though the phototransistor history is not publicized like other early developments of semiconductors, but it was certainly a very significant development. The first invention of this transistor was announced on March 30th, 1950. This article discusses an overview of a phototransistor and its … [Read more...]