In order to have interference with the outside world using microcontrollers, it can be done through pins. These pins act as physical points for an integrated circuit where a PCB connection can be established. Each pin has its own circuitry, and it is configured to pins to allow interference with various kinds of circuits. And the most important point is to select the appropriate pin configuration in the design of an embedded system. Today, this article explains open-drain output configuration, … [Read more...]
What is a Phototransistor : Working & Its Applications
After the development of the first point-contact transistor, the phototransistor was invented by one of the teams at Bell Labs. At that time, a large number of developments were being started. Even though the phototransistor history is not publicized like other early developments of semiconductors, but it was certainly a very significant development. The first invention of this transistor was announced on March 30th, 1950. This article discusses an overview of a phototransistor and its … [Read more...]
What is UJT Relaxation Oscillator & Its Working
A three-terminal semiconductor device like UJT (uni-junction transistor) exhibits different characteristics like switching and negative resistance to using as a relaxation oscillator within phase control applications. This type of transistor can also be used in timing, trigger generator, and gate pulse applications. Similar to diodes, the construction of UJT can be done by using separate P-type & N-type semiconductor materials to form a single PN junction in the main N-type conducting … [Read more...]
Types of MOSFET – Operation, Working & Applications
The MOSFET is an important element in embedded system design which is used to control the loads as per the requirement. Many of electronic projects developed using MOSFET such as light intensity control, motor control and max generator applications. The MOSFET is a high voltage controlling device provides some key features for circuit designers in terms of their overall performance. This article provides information about different types of MOSFET applications. … [Read more...]
What is Transistor Biasing and Its Types
Transistors are developed in the year 1947 by the physicists of America named John Bardeen. Before the use of transistors, vacuum tubes used for the purpose to control electronic signals. But the complexity of designing vacuum tubes, more amount of power consumption paved the way for the inception of transistors in modern electronics. The transistors are one of the most frequently used semiconductors utilized in the applications of switching and amplification. To make the transistor function … [Read more...]
What is Enhancement MOSFET & Its Operation
Transistors are the most popular semiconductors in the field of electronics. These are available in various types and configurations such as Bipolar-Junction Transistors (BJTs) and the Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) considered as the basic ones. These FETs are further classified as Junction field-effect transistors (JFET) and insulated gate field-effect transistors (IGFET). The transistor with input at the gate is insulated electrically from the main channel of current-carrying is referred to … [Read more...]
Junction Field Effect Transistor : Working, Characteristics & Applications
A JFET or Junction Field Effect Transistor is a transistor that classified under the category of FET. These are known for its voltage-controlled transistors where it doesn’t depend on the current for biasing. These consist of source, gate and drain as its terminals. This transistor comes under unipolar devices. The reason for this is that the conduction is dependent on the majority of the charge carriers. These FETs has the capability of consuming lesser amounts of power. It can be manufactured … [Read more...]
What is P-Channel MOSFET : Working and Its Characteristics
P-Channel MOSFET is a classification of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Device. This consists of the n-substrate in the middle with light doping concentration. These are the three terminals devices. It possesses uni-polar characteristics because its operation is dependent on the majority of the charge carriers. In this, the majority of the carriers are holes because of two p materials utilized in the circuitry. It is further classified based on the existence of the channels. If the channel exists by … [Read more...]
Basics of N-Channel MOSFET, Working and Characteristics
N-Channel MOSFET is a type of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor that is categorized under the field-effect transistors (FET). MOSFET transistor operation is based on the capacitor. This type of transistor is also known as an insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET). Sometimes it is also known as a metal-insulator field-effect transistor (MIFET). This type of transistor is further classified as p-type and n-type. These p-types and n-type MOSFET’s are further classified as … [Read more...]
Basics of FET, Working Types and Its Applications
FET stands for the Field-effect transistor. These transistors are designed to overcome the drawbacks of the bipolar junction transistors. As the basic transistors have the junction of the emitter in the mode of forwarding bias this makes the device to operate at low impedance levels. This introduces considerable amounts of noise levels. FETs possess all the characteristics which can overcome the drawbacks of bipolar junction transistors and can be a good replacement for the vacuum tubes as well … [Read more...]