The antenna is the most essential component of the radio equipment and the antennas were first developed by Heinrich Hertz in the year 1888. Later on, the antennas were developed to use for long-distance applications and wireless telegraphy. Moving on with the concept of antenna, Ferdinand Braun invented the concept of antenna array by placing three monopoles in the form of a triangle. So, let's discuss more on the need for an antenna array, antenna array definition, radiation pattern, its gain, … [Read more...]
What is Digital Potentiometer : Working & Its Applications
Potentiometers are simply termed as POTs and these are even called as variable resistors. The main purpose of a potentiometer is to vary the value of resistance in the circuit. Even these can be employed to vary volume, and dim and brightness of a light. There exist various types of potentiometers such as carbon POTs, wired POTs and plastic POTs. The one type which we are going to discuss today is “Digital Potentiometer”. So, let us discuss more on digital potentiometer definition, how it is … [Read more...]
What is Yagi Uda Antenna : Design, Working & Its Applications
Over a century ago two men independently invented the Yagi-Uda antenna. Ever heard of it? Neither had we before we started looking at the history of the invention. Invented in 1926 by Shintaro Uda of Tohoku Imperial University and Hidetsugu Yagi, Kiyoshi Kawakami, and other colleagues at the same university, it was the first antenna designed to exploit the advantage of receiving signals from multiple directions to cancel out noise or jamming with high gain, high directionality, and uninterrupted … [Read more...]
What is Preprocessor : Definition, Syntax & Its Commands
With the requirement to include file inclusion procedures present in PL/I and BPCL, the preprocessors were introduced in C at the time of 1973 with the request of Alan Snyder. The initial version of the preprocessor provided only file inclusion procedures and string replacement through #include and #define. Whereas the later versions of (John Reiser and Mike Lesk) offered macros together with arguments and conditional compilations. That’s how the development of the preprocessor took place and … [Read more...]
What is a Heat Sink : Working and Its Applications
In recent years, various devices such as integrated circuits, personal computers having GPU units, IGBT, and semiconductor power devices unprecedentedly generates a large amount of heat. It came to know that the heat generation concentration from these devices is approaching a level matching that of nuclear reactors, which becomes almost difficult to dissipate such a heat rate. For that reason, there is a requirement for heat dissipation through heat sinks where these devices can efficiently … [Read more...]
What is PID Controller : Working, Types & Its Applications
Any Industrial Process or automated system should run under a controlled process. One such control system which keeps any automated system or a process to be intact is a PID controller. It was initially developed by Elmer Sperry in the year 1911, but it was not evaluated until 1942 when Nicholas and Ziegler added a few parameters and gave life to the PID controller. PID controllers were initially used in Pneumatic control systems and later from the mid-1950s it is extensively used for industrial … [Read more...]
What is CAN Protocol : Architecture, Working and Types
Formerly, automobile manufacturers used to connect various electronic devices in automobiles using a number of wires through point-to-point connections. This resulted in huge wire connections which were very expensive and bulky. Later, this complicated wiring system got replaced by dedicated wiring that enhanced communication speed between devices and provided high integrity, and was named as controller area network. The CAN was first developed by Bosch in the year 1985 for in-vehicle … [Read more...]
What is Potentiometer : Working & Its Applications
Potentiometers are variable resistors that were first invented to amplify radio signals. You could find it in an old radio or a stereo system as a volume control. Earlier it was named 'multiplier' by Charles William Siemens and but nowadays it is commonly called 'POT'. It is used today in both electrical and physical applications and is an integral part of electronic circuits, motor controls, and many other areas. In this article let's look into different types of the potentiometer, its … [Read more...]
What is an Open Collector : Configuration, Working & Advantages
In the digital chip design, microcontroller applications and operational amplifiers, the open collector outputs are commonly used either for driving high loads such as relays or for interfacing with other circuits. As we know that BJT is a transistor and it has three terminals (Emitter, Base and Collector) where these terminals can be configured mainly in three switching modes. Those are Common Base, Common Collector and Common Emitter modes. Today, we are going to discuss about open collector … [Read more...]
What is a Digital Voltmeter : Working & Its Advantages
In the domain of electrical and electronics technology, the voltmeter is the crucial device that is extensively applied across various applications for measuring voltage valves. These voltmeters are available mainly in two types analog and digital. Analog voltmeters consist of a pointer that moves on the dial as per the measurement and displays the corresponding reading. With the advancements in technology and rapid development of digital systems, analogue voltmeters are being replaced by … [Read more...]