TIP (Texas Instruments Power) transistor is a series of BJTs manufactured by TI (Texas Instruments). This series was launched in the 1960s, and these transistors are still used because of their durability, ease of use, and simplicity. So, TIP transistors are standard-type bipolar junction transistors that are used mainly for medium power-based applications. These are designated with A, B, and C to designate increasing CB and CE breakdown voltage ratings. Thus, the examples of TIP series … [Read more...]

The buck-boost regulator is made with two different topologies buck & boost. So buck regulator topology gives an output voltage with a lower magnitude than the input voltage. A boost regulator topology gives an output voltage with a higher magnitude than the input voltage. So a buck-boost regulator is a type of DC-DC converter that can generate an output voltage that is either lower or higher than the input voltage. Thus it makes a versatile power conversion topology used for different … [Read more...]

LM78xx series ICs are available in the market from various manufacturers like LM7806, LM7805, LM7809, LM7812, LM7810, LM7824 and LM7815. This series of voltage regulators is available with three terminals in the TO-220 package. So, each voltage regulator has thermal shutdown, internal current limiting & safety operating area protection features which makes them durable. These ICs are mainly designed as fixed voltage regulators which can be utilized with exterior components to get adjustable … [Read more...]

A DC-DC converter is an electronic circuit used in modern power management systems. So this circuit converts the level of the DC voltage source to another by ensuring efficient and stable power delivery to various electronic systems wherever input voltage levels can change because of factors like battery discharging eventually (or) changes within load conditions. The main benefit of these converters is their better power conversion efficiency. So they offer the flexibility to step down or up … [Read more...]

The term 'monolithic' in monolithic IC comes from the Greek words like monos & lithos where monos means single and lithos means stone. So the term monolithic involves that the circuit is manufactured in a single crystal. Sometimes, this kind of IC is explained as a planar IC, because it is available in a flat surface form. A monolithic IC is a single silicon piece that includes a whole electronic circuit (or) various circuits. These ICs are the most significant components within modern … [Read more...]

A step-down switching voltage regulator is a DC-to-DC converter, manufactured by STMicroelectronics, Analog Devices, and Pololu. So, these ICs generate a low output voltage compared to their input voltage so used in applications like automotive systems & portable devices wherever low voltage levels are required. These are very efficient frequently over 90%, simple to use, and have inbuilt protection from overvoltage, over-temperature & over-current. The switching frequency of this IC can … [Read more...]

In most electronic circuits, the Zener diode can be used as a voltage regulator to give a precision voltage reference. Thus, TL431 IC almost performs like a Zener diode apart from the voltage rating of this chip is programmable. This IC was introduced by Texas Instruments in 1977 but the original IC remains in production with a huge number of clones & derivatives in the 21st century like; TLV431, ATL431, TL432, KA431, TS431, LM431, 142ЕН19, etc. These ICs have the same functionality but d … [Read more...]

TDA7377 class AB car radio amplifier was manufactured by renowned global semiconductor companies like STMicroelectronics which develops cutting-edge semiconductor solutions mainly for various microelectronics applications. So this electronics company has appeared as a pioneer in System-on-Chip (SoC) technology where its products play an essential role in driving the current technological convergence trends. This ICs unique output stage completely complementary architecture including internal … [Read more...]

An audio power amplifier is a type of amplifier that amplifies low-power audio signals to a high level which is sufficient to drive headphones or loudspeakers. So these amplifiers are versatile and broadly used ICs that are well known for their capability to deliver better audio amplification with a compact design. It is a significant component in an audio system which is located normally between a sound source & a passive loudspeaker. Thus, these amplifiers can also be utilized for signal … [Read more...]

A stereo audio power amplifier is an electronic device that improves the sound quality of an audio system or instrument by amplifying the signal from a low level to a high level. So these amplifiers include two output channels that receive stereo o/p signal from some audio device & send it to the connected speakers to the amplifiers. These amplifiers are very popular in different conditions and situations, used at the office or home to amplify the signal from TVs, DVDs, or CD players. Thus, … [Read more...]