An audio power amplifier is used to amplify low-power-based audio signals like a radio receiver (or) an electric guitar pickup signal to a high range sufficient to drive a loudspeaker or headphone. These are found in all types of sound systems, including musical instrument amplifiers, sound reinforcement, home audio systems, etc. The inputs of low-power audio amplifiers can be any number of audio sources such as CD players, record players, cassette players & digital audio players. There are … [Read more...]
2N4402 PNP Transistor : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
The 2N4402 is a general-purpose PNP-type transistor, where the N-doped semiconductor layer is sandwiched in between the two P-doped semiconductor layers. Generally, transistors are made up of germanium or silicon based on the chosen application. In the PNP 2N4402 transistor, two P-layers signify the emitter & collector terminals whereas N signifies the base terminal of the transistor correspondingly. This transistor works in such a way that the small current at the base terminal controls a … [Read more...]
TBA810 IC : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Applications
An audio power amplifier is an electronic amplifier, used to amplify low-power electronic audio signals, signal from the receiver of a radio to a certain level that is high sufficient to drive headphones or loudspeakers. There are different integrated circuits used in making simple as well as cost effective based audio amplifier circuits. Similarly, monolithic IC like TBA810 IC is used to make 7-watt audio amplifier circuits and is most suitable for designing low-power audio amplifiers. This … [Read more...]
ATmega328P Microcontroller : PinOut, Specifications, Architecture, Interfacing & Its Applications
ATmega328P microcontroller is created by Atmel within the megaAVR family after Microchip Technology acquired Atmel Corporation in 2016. This is the most popular microcontroller as compared to all AVR microcontrollers because this chip has been featured as a major part of Arduino boards for many years. This ATmega328P microcontroller is an affordable, high-performance & low-powered microcontroller based on an 8-bit RISC processor core. So, this microcontroller is the best choice for different … [Read more...]
XY-WA Transceiver Module : PinOut, Specifications, Interfacing & Its Applications
In radio and optical communications, a transceiver is a combination of transmitter & receiver within a single package. The main function of this module is to transmit & receive radio signals for communication purposes with an antenna. So these two functions are combined frequently within a single device to decrease manufacturing costs. In LANs, the transceiver module is an element of the NIC (network interface card). It is also used in wireless communication devices like mobile phones, … [Read more...]
KY-040 Rotary Encoder : PinOut, Specifications, Interfacing Arduino & Its Applications
An encoder is one type of detecting device that is used to change motion into an electrical signal and this signal can be read with a control device within a motion control system like PLC. This encoder transmits a feedback signal to determine speed, position, direction, and count. There are different types of encoders available like optical, magnetism, linear, quadrature, magnetical, incremental rotary, rotary, encoder absolute, and incremental. So this article discusses one of the types of … [Read more...]
LM340 Voltage Regulator : PinOut, Specifications, Block Diagram, Circuit & Its Applications
A voltage regulator is an electronic device that is found in most electronic devices. The main function of this device is to maintain the fixed output voltage to make sure that the voltage stays within suitable limits. These devices are commonly used in different types of motor vehicles to ensure equivalent generator output voltage to the electrical load & also to ensure the battery charging requirements. These are also used within electronic apparatus where extreme variations in voltage … [Read more...]
LM317 Voltage Regulator : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
There are different LM-series ICs which are made by National Semiconductor. In LM series ICs, the term ‘LM’ stands for linear monolithic, which means the analog components were incorporated into a single Si (silicon). The LM series ICs mainly include; Op-Amps, differential comparators, current mode amplifiers, audio amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, voltage regulators, voltage-to-frequency converters, current sources, temperature sensors, etc. This article provides brief information on one … [Read more...]
MC33171 OpAmp : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Equivalents
Quality bipolar fabrication is mainly used in the MC33172/MC33174/MC33171 series monolithic ICs with modern design concepts. This series of ICs function from split power supplies which are suitable for single supply operation due to the ground potential in common mode input voltage. These monolithic series ICs are specified over the automotive or industrial temperature ranges. The whole sequence of single, dual & quad operational amplifiers is available in surface-mount and plastic packages. … [Read more...]
UC3842 PWM Controller : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Applications
PWM controller is a fixed frequency control and very simple integrated circuit, used for controlling nearly any power topology like boost, flyback converter, buck, forward, push-pull, etc. There are many manufacturers which provide high-performing PWM controllers like general-purpose & application-specific. These controllers provide flexibility for covering a wide range of power-supply designs which are utilized within AC-to-DC and DC-to-DC power-conversion circuits for different equipment. … [Read more...]
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