In general, the Internet of Things has various technological solutions to transmit data above a network like WiFi, LoRa, NB-IoT, Zigbee, sub-1GHz & Bluetooth. However, long transmission distances and energy conservation can be guaranteed simultaneously within wireless communication network systems, because more energy is always needed for long transmission distances. So, this technology ensures both low-power and long-range conditions wherever transmitting a relatively small amount of data … [Read more...]
Narrowband IoT : Architecture, Working, Specifications, Differences, Advantages & Its Applications
Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the way smart devices connect, communicate, and share data. However, as the number of IoT devices continues to grow into the billions, traditional mobile networks face challenges in handling massive connectivity with low power and wide coverage needs. This is where Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) comes into play. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a standards-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology developed by 3GPP to support large-scale IoT deployments. … [Read more...]
What is Radar Sensor : Pin Configuration, Working, Interfacing & Its Applications
At present, semiconductor technology is developing very quickly, so the power utilization & the size of various types of radars have been reduced greatly. So, the function of radar is also getting stronger by using ultra-wideband technology, millimeter-wave, multiple transmission & receptions by increasing computing capacities. These sensors are used every day for different purposes in different applications like weather forecast weekly, onboard vehicle systems & controlling traffic. … [Read more...]
LM2698 IC : PinOut, Features, Specifications, Circuit, Working & Its Applications
The PWM boost converter allows for a variable input & stable output. So the output is controlled through the control circuit that adjusts the duty cycle of the gating pulse to maintain a stable output. The fundamental PWM boost converter switch has benefits like easy operation & easy control. There is a problem within closed-loop applications based on the variation of PWM techniques like the harmonics current & the voltage signal. This article elaborates on PWM boost converter IC … [Read more...]
XL6019 IC : PinOut, Specifications, Circuit, Working, Datasheet & Its Applications
A DC-to-DC converter or DC/DC converter is an integrated circuit that changes one level of DC voltage to another level. These are also known as switching or linear regulators based on the method utilized to adjust the voltage. So these ICs are commonly used in portable devices & also battery-powered devices because different sub-circuits within a device frequently need different voltages. There are different types of DC-to-DC converters; step-up, step-down, boost buck, inverting, or negative … [Read more...]
SX1278 Lora RF Module : PinOut, Specifications, Interfacing, Datasheet & Its Applications
There are different communication technologies existing for communication between IoT devices but Bluetooth & Wi-Fi Technology is very famous ones. These two communication technologies have some limitations like access points, limited range, high power consumption, etc. Similarly, local area networks & mobile networks also have high power consumption and are quite expensive too. IoT industries from the past few years have launched many technologies but they are not perfect. So to … [Read more...]
What is Inter-Process Communication : Working,Types & Its Applications
In modern computer systems, the concept of a process (a program in execution) is used to perform multiple tasks at the same time. And since multiple processes running on a single or multiple computers at the same time are connected to a network can exchange the data/information through a process called inter-process communication (IPC). This article gives a brief description of inter-process communication between the processes. Definition of Inter-Process Communication: Inter-process … [Read more...]
What is I3C Protocol : Working & Its Applications
At present, the usage of sensors in mobile devices has increased so it is becoming complex for manufacturers to utilize existing methods like I2C & SPI. So, the MIPI alliance members launched the first I3C protocol which is also called “Improved Inter-Integrated Circuits in the year 2017 by the MIPI Alliance called MIPI I3C v1.0. In October month 2018, the MIPI I3C Basic v1.0 was launched, and after that MIPI I3C v1.1 version was released in the month of December 2019. This is an e … [Read more...]
What is IEEE 488 Bus or GPIB : Working & Its Applications
During the 1960s, HP developed many different tests and measuring devices like logic analyzers and multimeters. In order to achieve smoother interconnection between controllers and measuring instruments, the HP-IB was introduced (HP Interface Bus). HPIB is the original name for GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus), whereas later it got many other names. Finally, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has provided a specification number to GPIB which is 488 in the year 1978. From … [Read more...]
What is Antenna Array : Architecture & Its Applications
The antenna is the most essential component of the radio equipment and the antennas were first developed by Heinrich Hertz in the year 1888. Later on, the antennas were developed to use for long-distance applications and wireless telegraphy. Moving on with the concept of antenna, Ferdinand Braun invented the concept of antenna array by placing three monopoles in the form of a triangle. So, let's discuss more on the need for an antenna array, antenna array definition, radiation pattern, its gain, … [Read more...]
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